See Commuter Rail Power point presentation at FMCB Meeting, November 20, 2017; see also https://www.mbta.com/events/1158
http://www.mta.info/press-release/lirr/mta-long-island-rail-road-sets-new-goals-boost-time-performance-improve-fleet (modern LIRR fleet experiencing ~500k mean distance between delays “MDBF”), and https://www.lta.gov.sg/apps/news/page.aspx?c=2&id=dfde4510-8fb3-4f69-b992-a0c52a20a6f6
Cf. City Anatomy: A Framework to Support City Transformation, https://cpsociety.sharepoint.com/sites/cptf/CPTSC/Private%20Documents/Publications/CPA-I_001-v2_City_Anatomy.pdf?slrid=6575419e-4061-5000-02d1-b999b21aecb4
In the Philadelphia suburbs, SEPTA recently built an infill station with a single- track high platform for $3.8 million. See: http://planphilly.com/articles/2015/09/14/new-septa-station-in-lansdale-set-to-spur-transit-oriented-development
The outer end of one branch still runs DMUs, although electrification is actively under consideration (the other alternative being EMUswith an added battery system that can run off-wire).
We recognize that NSRL faces unique potential cost pressures associated with the highway and transit tunnel infrastructure already in place along the route.